Sea lions in the Pacific Northwest [kayak wildlife]
On my first voyage with my Oru Inlet folding kayak a couple of years ago, I ventured to Oregon City, Oregon, to kayak to the bottom of Willamette Falls. By my complete surprise that sunny April afternoon – along with other boaters, SUP paddlers, and kayakers – I found myself river kayaking with wild sea lions hunting for migrating fish.
Discover the captivating world of sea lions in the Pacific Northwest, where these fascinating marine mammals, including both the California and Steller sea lions, thrive in their natural habitat.
In this article, we’ll share intriguing and lesser-known facts about their behavior, ecology, and significance to the PNW region. From their impressive size and vocalizations to their role as ecosystem engineers and their cultural importance, these marine mammals showcase the rich biodiversity of Oregon, Washington, and beyond.
Let’s dive in and learn more about these remarkable creatures…
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Interesting facts about sea lions
Sea lions are fascinating (and adorable) mammals found in the Pacific Northwest, including both the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) and the Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus).
Here are some interesting and lesser-known facts about these creatures:
Seasonal visitors: California sea lions migrate north to the Pacific Northwest during the non-breeding season (August-April), whereas Steller sea lions have a more stable year-round presence in the region.
Sexual dimorphism: Steller sea lions exhibit significant sexual dimorphism (meaning males and females have differences in appearance), with males being up to three times larger than females. Males can weigh up to 2,500 pounds, while females usually weigh around 700-800 pounds.
Haul-out sites: Sea lions are known to "haul out" or rest on land, including rocky shores, docks, and even buoys. In the Pacific Northwest, they are known to use specific sites, such as Race Rocks Ecological Reserve and Sea Lion Caves, as regular haul-out spots. Before I spotted them swimming in the Willamette River from my kayak, I saw a couple sea lions napping on a dock.
Thigmotaxis: Sea lions exhibit a behavior called thigmotaxis, which is the tendency to stay close to solid objects. In the water, they often swim close to the shoreline, and on land, they prefer to lie against each other or solid structures for comfort and warmth.
Vocalizations: California sea lions have a wide range of vocalizations, including barks, grunts, and growls. Steller sea lions, on the other hand, are known for their distinct roars and belches. Males of both species use these vocalizations to assert dominance and establish territory during breeding season.
Eating machines: Sea lions have a diverse diet, consisting of fish (such as salmon, herring, and rockfish), cephalopods (like squid and octopus), and sometimes even smaller marine mammals. They have been known to consume up to 6% of their body weight in a single day! This is one of the reasons they’ll a contested issue in Oregon City, which we’ll discuss more later in this article.
Aquatic acrobatics: Sea lions are agile swimmers and can reach speeds of up to 25 mph. They are known for their playful and curious nature, often engaging in aquatic acrobatics like porpoising (leaping out of the water) and body surfing in waves. Mostly I just saw cute heads poking up from the water.
Ecosystem engineers: Sea lions are considered ecosystem engineers because their feeding habits can have a significant impact on their environment. For example, their predation on salmon can affect the entire salmon population, which in turn influences the food chain and ecosystem balance in the Pacific Northwest.
Threats and conservation: Steller sea lions are listed as "Near Threatened" on the IUCN Red List, with populations in the PNW facing threats like entanglement in fishing gear, habitat loss, and environmental contamination. Efforts to protect and conserve these animals include monitoring populations, habitat restoration, and reducing human-wildlife conflict.
Local cultural significance: Sea lions have cultural significance to Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest, who have traditionally hunted them for their meat, blubber, and hides. Sea lions also feature in the art and mythology of these Indigenous cultures, symbolizing strength, protection, and balance.
5 places you can kayak to observe wild sea lions
Flatwater kayaking enthusiasts exploring the serene waterways of Oregon and Washington are in for a treat, as this part of the United States offers unique opportunities to observe sea lions in their natural habitat.
As you paddle through these pristine waters, be on the lookout for these fascinating marine mammals. Witnessing these incredible creatures in their element adds a memorable, unique experience to your kayaking adventure. We also believe that appreciating animals in the wild ethically can deeper our connection to the rich biodiversity and cultural heritage of our region.
Always remember to maintain a respectful distance and practice responsible wildlife viewing to ensure the wellbeing of the sea lions and their environment! It’s important to also do your own thorough research before exploring a new paddling route to ensure it meets your skill level and has current safe paddling conditions.
[MORE READING: Sea lions vs harbor seals - can you tell the difference?]
Our Oru Inlet kayaking adventure in Oregon City had surprise companions in the Willamette River… sea lions!
San Juan Islands, Washington
The San Juan Islands, an archipelago in Washington State, offer calm, protected waters that are ideal for flatwater kayaking. Sea lions can be spotted in various locations throughout the islands, particularly around the rocky shores.
The best time to visit is during the spring and summer months when the weather is favorable, and wildlife activity is at its peak. California sea lions can be seen from August to April, while Steller sea lions are more likely to be present year-round.
Puget Sound, Washington
Puget Sound, a large inlet of the Pacific Ocean, boasts numerous calm waterways perfect for kayaking. Sea lions are known to frequent the area, and you may catch sight of them hauled out on buoys or swimming nearby. Summer months are the ideal time for kayaking in Puget Sound, with the added bonus of extended daylight hours for wildlife viewing.
Netarts Bay, Oregon
Netarts Bay, located on the Oregon Coast, is a relatively shallow and calm estuary, providing ideal kayaking conditions. Sea lions can often be seen resting on sandbars and navigating the bay in search of food. Summer months are the best times to visit, as the weather is more predictable and the wildlife activity is higher.
Columbia River Estuary, Oregon/Washington
The Columbia River Estuary, where the river meets the Pacific Ocean, offers numerous flatwater kayaking opportunities. Sea lions can be observed in the area, especially around the South Jetty where they often haul out. The best times to visit are late spring and summer when the weather is more favorable, and sea lions are more active.
Willapa Bay, Washington
Willapa Bay, located on the southwestern coast of Washington, is a large, shallow estuary with calm waters, making it suitable for recreational kayaking. Sea lions can be found throughout the bay, particularly around the rocky outcroppings and intertidal areas. The best times to visit are during the spring and summer months when wildlife activity is high, and the weather is more pleasant for kayaking.
When embarking on your kayaking adventure, remember to observe local wildlife guidelines, maintain a respectful distance from the sea lions, and always prioritize safety on the water.
How can kayakers help protect sea lions?
Kayakers can play an important role in protecting sea lions by following responsible wildlife viewing practices and engaging in conservation efforts.
Here are some tips:
Maintain a safe distance: If you encounter wild sea lions while paddling our rivers or coastal waters, keep a respectful distance (at least 100 yards) to avoid disturbing them or causing stress. This helps to ensure the well-being of the animals and prevents any unintended interference with their natural behavior.
Avoid approaching directly: When kayaking near sea lions, avoid approaching them head-on or from behind. Instead, move parallel to them and allow them to approach you if they are curious.
Observe quietly: Minimize noise and sudden movements to avoid startling sea lions. This will not only help protect them but also enhance your wildlife viewing experience.
Do not feed sea lions: Feeding wild animals can disrupt their natural feeding behavior and make them reliant on humans for food. Additionally, it can lead to aggressive behavior and pose a danger to both people and the animals. Basically, don’t screw up their natural behaviors.
Respect their haul-out sites: Sea lions use specific haul-out sites to rest, socialize, and give birth. Avoid landing or disturbing these areas to protect their habitat and ensure their continued use. Oftentimes you’ll see a posted sign noting that it’s a sea lion zone, but not always.
Report injured or entangled sea lions: If you encounter a sea lion that appears injured, sick, or entangled in debris or fishing gear, report the sighting to the appropriate local wildlife agency or a marine mammal rescue organization. Do not attempt to help the animal yourself, as this can be dangerous for both you and the sea lion!
Promote awareness: Share your experiences and knowledge about sea lions with friends, family, and fellow kayakers. Encourage responsible wildlife viewing practices and the importance of protecting marine life and their habitats.
Support conservation efforts: Participate in or contribute to local and regional conservation initiatives aimed at protecting sea lions and their environment. This could include beach cleanups, habitat restoration projects, or supporting organizations dedicated to marine mammal conservation.
By following these guidelines and promoting responsible behavior, kayakers can help protect sea lions and contribute to the conservation of these remarkable mammals in the Pacific Northwest.
We filmed this wild sea lion swimming and hunting in the Willamette River in Oregon City.
Where to kayak in Oregon City
In Oregon City, you can launch your kayak from Clackamette Park, which provides convenient access to the Willamette River and is a great starting point for exploring the area where sea lions can be spotted seasonally.
If you're looking to rent a kayak, eNRG Kayaking offers a variety of options, including single and tandem kayaks to suit your preferences (we really like these local folks).
Their knowledgeable experts can also guide you on seasonal tours, ensuring a safe and enjoyable experience while navigating the waters and observing sea lions in their natural habitat. Opting for a guided tour can provide valuable insights into the local ecosystem and enhance your wildlife viewing adventure. During prime kayaking season, these guided tours often take place on Saturday afternoons.
The sea lion controversy in Oregon City
In Oregon City, Oregon, sea lions have become a controversial topic primarily due to their predation on fish, particularly endangered salmon and steelhead populations.
The Willamette Falls, located near Oregon City, is a significant fish migration route and spawning ground for various fish species, including the threatened Chinook salmon and winter steelhead.
During the fish migration season, sea lions, mainly California sea lions, gather at the base of the falls to feed on the migrating fish. This has led to concerns among local fishermen, wildlife managers, and conservationists, as sea lions can consume large quantities of fish, exacerbating the challenges faced by these already struggling fish populations.
In response, wildlife managers have implemented various measures to deter sea lions from the area, including non-lethal hazing techniques such as using noise, barriers, and other deterrents. In some cases, more drastic measures like euthanasia have been employed for sea lions that habitually prey on the endangered fish populations and do not respond to non-lethal methods.
The controversy in Oregon City arises from the competing interests of protecting endangered fish species, maintaining healthy sea lion populations, and respecting the rights of the local fishing community. (Anyone else see that horrific viral video of the motor boat chasing down sea lions?!).
Balancing everyone’s interests is a complex task, involving various stakeholders and requiring long-term management strategies that address the underlying issues impacting the ecosystem.
More free Flatwater Kayak Club resources:
Check out our posts on kayaking through the Willamette Narrows, renting a kayak on the Tualatin River, how kayakers can help promote Willamette River conservation, and the Scappoose Bay kayaking experience.
We’ve also planned out the perfect day for kayakers in Portland, if you need ideas for traveling or paddling around our amazing city, and shared expert tips to spot a bald eagle from your boat, all about the frequently-observed black-tailed deer, and facts about a beautiful common blue bird in the Pacific Northwest.